Physical examination reference values
| Physical Values | |||
| Temperature | 100.0-102.6 °F (37.8 -39.3 °C) | ||
| Heart Rate Adult (non toy) | 60-160 beats/min | ||
| Heart Rate Adult (toy) | Up to 180 beats/min | ||
| Heart Rate Puppy | 225 beats/min | ||
| Respiratory Rate | 10-30 breaths/min | ||
| Physical Values | |||
| Temperature | 100.0 -102.6 °F (37.8 -39.3 °C) | ||
| Heart rate Adult | 120-140 beats/min | ||
| Heart rate Kitten | 170-300 beats/min | ||
| Respiratory Rate | 20-40 beats/min | ||
| Physical Values | |||
| Temperature | 100.0-102.6 °F (38.0-39.3 °C) | ||
| Heart Rate | 60-70 beats/min | ||
| Respiratory Rate | 27-36 breaths/min | ||
| Rumen pH | 5.8-7.0 | ||
| Physical Values | |||
| Temperature | 102.0-104.0 °F (39.0-40.0 °C) | ||
| Heart Rate | 60-120 beats/min | ||
| Respiratory Rate | 15-24 breaths/min | ||
| Rumen pH | 5.8-7.0 | ||
| Physical Values | |||
| Temperature | 101.0-103.0 °F (38.5-39.5 °C) | ||
| Heart Rate | 70-135 beats/min | ||
| Respiratory Rate | 12-22 breaths/min | ||
| Rumen pH | 5.8-7.0 | ||
| Physical Values | |||
| Temperature | 99.5-101.5 °F (37.5-38.5 °C) | ||
| Heart Rate | 22-70 beats/min | ||
| Respiratory Rate | 10-14 breaths/min | ||
CBC and Blood biochemistry reference values
| Hematology | Traditional Unit | Total Number (cells per uL) | SI Units |
| Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) | 5-8×10^6/uL | 5,000,000-8,000,000 | 5-8×10^12/L |
| White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) | 7-17×10^3/uL | 7,000-17,000 | 7-17×10^9/L |
| Band Neutrophils | 0%-2% | 0-340 | 0-0.02 |
| Segmented Neutrophils | 55%-71% | 4950-12,000 | 0.55-0.71 |
| Lymphocytes | 20%-36% | 1400-3500 | 0.20-0.36 |
| Monocytes | 0%-6% | 0-900 | 0-0.06 |
| Eosinophils | 2%-9% | 0-1400 | 0.02-0.09 |
| Basophils | 0%-1% | 0-175 | 0-0.01 |
| Thrombocytes (Platelets) | 2-9×10^5/uL | 200,000-900,000 | 200-900×10^9/L |
| Reticulocytes (Total %) | 0%-1.5% | ||
| Hemoglobin | 12-18 g/dL | 120-180 g/L | |
| Hematocrit (Packed Cell Volume) | 36%-50% | 0.36-0.50 | |
| Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) | 60-79 um^3 | 60-79 fL | |
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) | 18-24 pg | 1.17-1.45 fmol | |
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) | 30-35 | 300-350 g/L | |
| Prothrombin Time | 6-10 sec | ||
| Partial Thromboplastin Time | 7-14 sec | ||
| Thrombin Time | 5-9 sec | ||
| Fibrinogen Time | 240-410 mg/dL | 2.4-4.1 g/L | |
| Plasma Proteins | 5.8-7.8 g/dL | 58-78 g/L | |
| Serum Chemistry | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Calcium (Ca) | 8-11mg/dL | 2.0-2.9 mmol/L | |
| Phosphorus (P) | 2.4-4.9 mg/dL | 0.7-2.0 mmol/L | |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 1.8-2.5 mg/dL | 0.6-1.0 mmol/L | |
| Total Bilirubin | 0.06-0.61 mg/dL | 1.1-10.5 umol/L | |
| Direct (Conjugated) Bilirubin | 0-0.15 mg/dL | 0-2.5 umol/L | |
| Total Protein | 5.5-7.3 g/dL | 55-73 g/L | |
| Albumin | 2.2-4.2 g/dL | 22-42 g/L | |
| Globulin | 2.6-4.5 g/dL | 26-45 g/L | |
| Creatine Kinase (CK; CPK) | 10-90 IU/L | 10-90 U/L | |
| Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) | 10-80 IU/L | 10-80 U/L | |
| Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST, GOT) | 0-20 IU/L | 0-20 U/L | |
| Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT; GPT) | 3-33 IU/L | 3-33 U/L | |
| Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) | 7-90 IU/L | 7-90 U/L | |
| Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) | 1.3-12.0 IU/L | 1.3-12.0 U/L | |
| Sorbitol Dehydrogenase (SDH; IDH) | 2.9-8.3 IU/L | 2.9-8.3 U/L | |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | 10-22 mg/dL | 3.6-7.3 mmol/L | |
| Creatinine | 0.5-2.2 mg/dL | 50-180 umol/L | |
| Glucose | 60-125 mg/dL | 3.3-6.7 mmol/L | |
| Sodium (Na) | 137-155 mEq/L | 137-155 mmol/L | |
| Potassium (K) | 3.4-5.5 mEq/L | 3.4-5.5 mmol/L | |
| Chloride (Cl) | 100-115 mEq/L | 100-115 mmol/L | |
| Total CO2 | 16-24mEq/L | 16-24mmol/L | |
| Tri-iodothyronine (T3) (Radioimmunoassay) | 45-155 ng/dL | 0.7-2.5 nmol/L | |
| Thyroxine (T4) (Radioimmunoassay) | 1.4-3.6 ug/dL | 19.0-46.5 nmol/L | |
| Insulin (Radioimmunoassay) | 10-30 uU/mL | 71.5-215.5 pmol/L | |
| Amylase | 175-700 IU/L | 175-700 U/L | |
| Lipase | 11-210 IU/L | 11-210 U/L | |
| Cholesterol | 125-250 mg/dL | 3.1-6.5 mmol/L | |
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Stimulation | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Cortisol (pre-test) | 1.8-4.0 ug/dL | 49.5-110.7 nmol/L | |
| Cortisol (2 hour post-test) | 5.3-16.0 ug/dL | 149-445 nmol/L | |
| Urinalysis | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Color | Light Yellow | ||
| Turbidity | Clear | ||
| Specific Gravity | 1.001-1.050 | ||
| Bilirubin | Negative-Trace | ||
| Glucose | Negative | ||
| Ketones | Negative | ||
| Blood | Negative | ||
| pH | 5.0-7.0 | ||
| Protein | Negative | ||
| Hemoglobin | Negative | ||
| Urobilinogen | Negative | ||
| Cerebral Spinal Fluid | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Protein | 11-30 mg/dL | 110-300 mg/L | |
| Cell Count | <26/uL | <26×10^6/L | |
| Glucose | 55-120 mg/dL | 3.2-6.5 mmol/L | |
| Pressure | |||
| Color | Colorless | ||
| Turbidity | Clear | ||
| Physical Values | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Temperature | 100.0F-102.6F | 37.8C-39.3C | |
| Heart Rate Adult (non toy) | 60-160 beats/min | ||
| Heart Rate Adult (toy | Up to 180 beats/min | ||
| Heart Rate Puppy | 225 beats/min | ||
| Respiratory Rate | 10-30 breaths/min | ||
| Hematology | Traditional Unit | Total Number (cells per uL) | SI Units |
| Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) | 5-10×10^6/uL | 5,000,000-10,000,000 | 5-10×10^12/L |
| White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) | 4-17×10^3/uL | 4,000-17,000 | 4-17×10^9/L |
| Band Neutrophils | 0%-2% | 0-450 | 0-0.02 |
| Segmented Neutrophils | 40%-71% | 2700-14,000 | 0.40-0.71 |
| Lymphocytes | 20%-46% | 1400-7000 | 0.20-0.46 |
| Monocytes | 0%-2% | 0-400 | 0-0.02 |
| Eosinophils | 2%-9% | 140-600 | 0.02-0.09 |
| Basophils | 0%-1% | 0-200 | 0-0.01 |
| Thrombocytes (Platelets) | 3-8×10^5/uL | 300,000-800,000 | 300-800×10^9/L |
| Reticulocytes (Total %) | 0%-1% | ||
| Hemoglobin | 8-16 g/dL | 80-160 g/L | |
| Hematocrit (Packed Cell Volume) | 26%-46% | 0.26-0.46 | |
| Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) | 40-55 um^3 | 40-55 fL | |
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) | 13-18 pg | 0.80-1.07 fmol | |
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) | 30-35 | 300-350 g/L | |
| Prothrombin Time | 7-12 sec | ||
| Partial Thromboplastin Time | 7-12 sec | ||
| Thrombin Time | 4-10 sec | ||
| Fibrinogen Time | 240-410 mg/dL | 2.4-4.1 g/L | |
| Plasma Proteins | 5.8-7.8 g/dL | 58-78 g/L | |
| Serum Chemistry | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Calcium (Ca) | 8-11mg/dL | 2.0-2.9 mmol/L | |
| Phosphorus (P) | 3.5-8.1 mg/dL | 1.1-2.7 mmol/L | |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 2.33-2.78 mg/dL | 0.96-1.15 mmol/L | |
| Total Bilirubin | 0-0.3 mg/dL | 0-5.13 umol/L | |
| Direct (Conjugated) Bilirubin | 0-0.1 mg/dL | 0-1.8 umol/L | |
| Total Protein | 5.4-7.9 g/dL | 54-79 g/L | |
| Albumin | 2.4-3.9 g/dL | 24-39 g/L | |
| Globulin | 2.6-5.1 g/dL | 26-51 g/L | |
| Creatine Kinase (CK; CPK) | 0-300 IU/L | 0-300 U/L | |
| Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) | 0-90 IU/L | 0-90 U/L | |
| Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST, GOT) | 10-55 IU/L | 10-55 U/L | |
| Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT; GPT) | 10-75 IU/L | 10-75 U/L | |
| Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) | 30-105 IU/L | 30-105 U/L | |
| Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) | 0-1.6 IU/L | 0-1.6 U/L | |
| Sorbitol Dehydrogenase (SDH; IDH) | 3.8-7.8 IU/L | 3.8-7.8 U/L | |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | 10-32 mg/dL | 3.6-10.8 mmol/L | |
| Creatinine | 0.5-2.2 mg/dL | 43-180 umol/L | |
| Glucose | 60-125 mg/dL | 3.5-6.7 mmol/L | |
| Sodium (Na) | 142-162 mEq/L | 142-162 mmol/L | |
| Potassium (K) | 3.4-5.5 mEq/L | 3.4-5.5 mmol/L | |
| Chloride (Cl) | 110-130 mEq/L | 110-130 mmol/L | |
| Total CO2 | 16-24mEq/L | 16-24mmol/L | |
| Tri-iodothyronine (T3) (Radioimmunoassay) | 45-155 ng/dL | 0.7-2.5 nmol/L | |
| Thyroxine (T4) (Radioimmunoassay) | 2.3-4.7 ug/dL | 9-51 nmol/L | |
| Insulin (Radioimmunoassay) | 4.5-28.0 uU/mL | 35-200 pmol/L | |
| Cortisol (Radioimmunoassay) | 0.5-5.5 ug/dL | 15-150 nmol/L | |
| Amylase | 700-2000 IU/L | 700-2000 U/L | |
| Lipase | 50-700 IU/L | 50-700 U/L | |
| Cholesterol | 60-240 mg/dL | 1.5-6.0 mmol/L | |
| Urinalysis | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Color | Light Yellow | ||
| Turbidity | Clear | ||
| Specific Gravity | 1.001-1.060 | ||
| Bilirubin | Negative | ||
| Glucose | Negative | ||
| Ketones | Negative | ||
| Blood | Negative | ||
| pH | 5.0-7.0 | ||
| Protein | Negative | ||
| Hemoglobin | Negative | ||
| Urobilinogen | Negative | ||
| Cerebral Spinal Fluid | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Protein | 4-35 mg/dL | 40-350 mg/L | |
| Cell Count | 0-6/uL | 0-6×10^6/L | |
| Glucose | 9-145 mg/dL | 0.5-8.0 mmol/L | |
| Pressure | |||
| Color | Colorless | ||
| Turbidity | Clear | ||
| Physical Values | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Temperature | 100.0F-102.6F | 37.8C-39.3C | |
| Heart rate Adult | 120-140 beats/min | ||
| Heart rate Kitten | 170-300 beats/min | ||
| Respiratory Rate | 20-40 beats/min | ||
| Hematology | Traditional Unit | Total Number (cells per uL) | SI Units |
| Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) | 5-10×10^6/uL | 5,000,000-10,000,000 | 5-10×10^12/L |
| White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) | 4-13×10^3/uL | 4,000-13,000 | 4-13×10^9/L |
| Band Neutrophils | 0%-2% | 0-120 | 0-0.02 |
| Segmented Neutrophils | 14%-45% | 500-4,000 | 0.14-0.45 |
| Lymphocytes | 45%-75% | 1800-9000 | 0.45-0.75 |
| Monocytes | 2%-6% | 80-840 | 0.02-0.06 |
| Eosinophils | 2%-20% | 80-2400 | 0.02-0.20 |
| Basophils | 0%-1% | 0-175 | 0-0.01 |
| Hemoglobin | 8-15 g/dL | 80-150 g/L | |
| Hematocrit (Packed Cell Volume) | 24%-46% | 0.24-0.46 | |
| Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) | 35-60 um^3 | 35-60 fL | |
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) | 10-18 pg | 0.65-1.10 fmol | |
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) | 30-35 | 300-350 g/L | |
| Prothrombin Time | 8-16 sec | ||
| Fibrinogen | 0.3-0.8 g/dL | 3-8 g/L | |
| Serum Chemistry | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Calcium (Ca) | 8-11mg/dL | 2.0-2.9 mmol/L | |
| Phosphorus (P) | 4-7 mg/dL | 1.28-2.250 mmol/L | |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 1.5-3.5 mg/dL | 0.6-1.5 mmol/L | |
| Total Bilirubin | 0-0.5 mg/dL | 0-8.7 umol/L | |
| Direct (Conjugated) Bilirubin | 0-0.5 mg/dL | 0-8.7 umol/L | |
| Total Protein | 5.10-7.10 g/dL | 51-71 g/L | |
| Albumin | 2.2-3.6 g/dL | 22-36 g/L | |
| Globulin | 3.0-3.50 g/dL | 30-35 g/L | |
| Creatine Kinase (CK; CPK) | 3-50 IU/L | 3-50 U/L | |
| Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) | 0-40 IU/L | 0-40 U/L | |
| Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST, GOT) | 20-35 IU/L | 20-35 U/L | |
| Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT; GPT) | 4-11 IU/L | 4-11 U/L | |
| Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) | 170-370 IU/L | 170-370 U/L | |
| Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) | 11.0-25.0 IU/L | 11.0-25.0 U/L | |
| Sorbitol Dehydrogenase (SDH; IDH) | 4.0-15.5 IU/L | 4.0-15.5 U/L | |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | 10-30 mg/dL | 3.6-10.8 mmol/L | |
| Creatinine | 1-2 mg/dL | 90-180 umol/L | |
| Glucose | 45-75 mg/dL | 2.5-4.2 mmol/L | |
| Sodium (Na) | 132-155 mEq/L | 132-155 mmol/L | |
| Potassium (K) | 3.9-5.9 mEq/L | 3.9-5.9 mmol/L | |
| Chloride (Cl) | 95-110 mEq/L | 95-110 mmol/L | |
| Total CO2 | 21-30mEq/L | 21-30mmol/L | |
| Cholesterol | 75-250 mg/dL | 2.0-6.5 mmol/L | |
| Selenium (whole blood value) | >100ng/mL | >125nmol/L | |
| Diagnostic Test | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Sulfobromopthalein Clearance (T1/2) | 2.5-3.7 min | ||
| Urinalysis | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Color | Yellow | ||
| Turbidity | Clear | ||
| Specific Gravity | 1.020-1.045 | ||
| Bilirubin | Negative | ||
| Glucose | Negative | ||
| Ketones | Negative- Trace | ||
| Blood | Negative | ||
| pH | 7.0-9.0 | ||
| Protein | Negative- Trace | ||
| Hemoglobin | Negative | ||
| Urobilinogen | Negative | ||
| Cerebral Spinal Fluid | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Protein | 11-30 mg/dL | 110-300 mg/L | |
| Cell Count | 0-10/uL | 0-10×10^6/L | |
| Glucose | 35-70 mg/dL | 1.9-3.9 mmol/L | |
| Pressure | 80-185 mmH2O | 0.74-1.73 kPa | |
| Color | Colorless | ||
| Turbidity | Clear | ||
| Physical Values | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Temperature | 100.0F-102.6F | 38.0C-39.3C | |
| Heart Rate | 60-70 beats/min | ||
| Respiratory Rate | 27-36 breaths/min | ||
| Rumen pH | 5.8-7.0 | ||
| Hematology | Traditional Unit | Total Number (cells per uL) | SI Units |
| Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) | 9-15×10^6/uL | 9,000,000-15,000,000 | 9-15×10^12/L |
| White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) | 4-13×10^3/uL | 4,000-13,000 | 4-13×10^9/L |
| Band Neutrophils | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Segmented Neutrophils | 10%-49% | 400-6000 | 0.10-0.49 |
| Lymphocytes | 40%-75% | 1600-9100 | 0.40-0.75 |
| Monocytes | 0%-6% | 0-740 | 0-0.06 |
| Eosinophils | 0%-9% | 0-1100 | 0-0.09 |
| Basophils | 0%-3% | 0-360 | 0-0.03 |
| Hemoglobin | 8-15 g/dL | 80-150 g/L | |
| Hematocrit (Packed Cell Volume) | 26%-45% | 0.26-0.45 | |
| Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) | 27-40 um^3 | 27-40 fL | |
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) | 8-12 pg | 0.50-0.75 fmol | |
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) | 30-35 | 300-350 g/L | |
| Fibrinogen | 100-500 mg/dL | 1-5 g/L | |
| Serum Chemistry | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Calcium (Ca) | 12.13-12.19 mg/dL | 3.03-3.04 mmol/L | |
| Phosphorus (P) | 5.09-5.33 mg/dL | 1.63-1.72 mmol/L | |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 2.2-2.8 mg/dL | 0.9-1.2 mmol/L | |
| Total Bilirubin | 0-0.4 mg/dL | 0-6.9 umol/L | |
| Direct (Conjugated) Bilirubin | 0-0.4 mg/dL | 0-6.9 umol/L | |
| Total Protein | 6.0-7.9 g/dL | 60-79 g/L | |
| Albumin | 2.5-3.9 g/dL | 25-39 g/L | |
| Globulin | 3.5-5.9 g/dL | 35-59 g/L | |
| Creatine Kinase (CK; CPK) | 0-2.9 IU/L | 0-2.9 U/L | |
| Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) | 5-30 IU/L | 5-30 U/L | |
| Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST, GOT) | 66-90 IU/L | 66-90 U/L | |
| Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT; GPT) | 10-12 IU/L | 10-12 U/L | |
| Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) | 60-113 IU/L | 60-113 U/L | |
| Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) | 19-44 IU/L | 19-44 U/L | |
| Sorbitol Dehydrogenase (SDH; IDH) | 5.5-28.0 IU/L | 5.5-28.0 U/L | |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | 8-22 mg/dL | 2.7-7.4 mmol/L | |
| Creatinine | 1.2-1.9 mg/dL | 105-175 umol/L | |
| Glucose | 35-60 mg/dL | 1.9-3.3 mmol/L | |
| Sodium (Na) | 140-155 mEq/L | 140-155 mmol/L | |
| Potassium (K) | 4.5-5.3 mEq/L | 4.5-5.3 mmol/L | |
| Chloride (Cl) | 102-112 mEq/L | 102-112 mmol/L | |
| Total CO2 | 21-30mEq/L | 21-30 mmol/L | |
| Cholesterol | 52-77 mg/dL | 1.3-2.0 mmol/L | |
| Urinalysis | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Color | Yellow | ||
| Turbidity | Clear | ||
| Specific Gravity | 1.015-1.045 | ||
| Bilirubin | Negative | ||
| Glucose | Negative | ||
| Ketones | Negative- Trace | ||
| Blood | Negative | ||
| pH | 7.4-8.4 | ||
| Protein | Negative | ||
| Hemoglobin | Negative | ||
| Urobilinogen | Negative | ||
| Cerebral Spinal Fluid | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Protein | 0-10 mg/dL | 0-100 mg/L | |
| Cell Count | 10-25/uL | 10-25×10^6/L | |
| Glucose | 48-110 mg/dL | 2.5-6.2 mmol/L | |
| Pressure | |||
| Color | Colorless | ||
| Turbidity | Clear | ||
| Physical Values | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Temperature | 102.0F-104.0F | 39.0C-40.0C | |
| Heart Rate | 60-120 beats/min | ||
| Respiratory Rate | 15-24 breaths/min | ||
| Rumen pH | 5.8-7.0 | ||
| Hematology | Traditional Unit | Total Number (cells per uL) | SI Units |
| Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) | 7-18×10^6/uL | 7,000,000-18,000,000 | 7-18×10^12/L |
| White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) | 4-13×10^3/uL | 4,000-13,000 | 4-13×10^9/L |
| Band Neutrophils | 0% | 0 | 0% |
| Segmented Neutrophils | 30%-49% | 1200-6900 | 0.30-0.49 |
| Lymphocytes | 45%-75% | 1800-9400 | 0.45-0.75 |
| Monocytes | 0%-6% | 0-840 | 0-0.06 |
| Eosinophils | 1%-9% | 40-1100 | 0.01-0.09 |
| Basophils | 0%-1% | 0-145 | 0-0.01 |
| Thrombocytes (Platelets) | 3-6×10^5/uL | 300,000-650,000 | 300-650×10^9/L |
| Hemoglobin | 8-13 g/dL | 80-130 g/L | |
| Hematocrit (Packed Cell Volume) | 21%-39% | 0.21-0.39 | |
| Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) | 16-26 um^3 | 16-26 fL | |
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) | 5.0-8.0 pg | 0.30-0.50 fmol | |
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) | 30-35 | 300-350 g/L | |
| Fibrinogen | 100-400 mg/dL | 1-4 g/L | |
| Serum Chemistry | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Calcium (Ca) | 8-12 mg/dL | 2.0-3.1 mmol/L | |
| Phosphorus (P) | 3.5-9.7 mg/dL | 1.18-3.2 mmol/L | |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 2.80-3.60 mg/dL | 1.1-1.6 mmol/L | |
| Total Bilirubin | 0-0.1 mg/dL | 0-1.7 umol/L | |
| Direct (Conjugated) Bilirubin | 0-0.1 mg/dL | 0-1.7 umol/L | |
| Total Protein | 6.4-7.9 g/dL | 64-79 g/L | |
| Albumin | 2.5-3.9 g/dL | 25-39 g/L | |
| Globulin | 2.6-3.2 g/dL | 26-32 g/L | |
| Creatine Kinase (CK; CPK) | 0-2.9 IU/L | 0-2.9 U/L | |
| Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) | 5-30 IU/L | 5-30 U/L | |
| Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST, GOT) | 40-130 IU/L | 40-130 U/L | |
| Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT; GPT) | 6-25 IU/L | 6-25 U/L | |
| Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) | 30-100 IU/L | 30-100 U/L | |
| Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) | 20-50 IU/L | 20-50 U/L | |
| Sorbitol Dehydrogenase (SDH; IDH) | 14-24 IU/L | 14-24 U/L | |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | 12-29 mg/dL | 4.5-10.1 mmol/L | |
| Creatinine | 0.9-1.8 mg/dL | 78-163 umol/L | |
| Glucose | 45-65 mg/dL | 2.5-3.3 mmol/L | |
| Sodium (Na) | 140-155 mEq/L | 140-155 mmol/L | |
| Potassium (K) | 3.5-6.8 mEq/L | 3.5-6.8 mmol/L | |
| Chloride (Cl) | 95-110 mEq/L | 95-110 mmol/L | |
| Total CO2 | 21-30mEq/L | 21-30 mmol/L | |
| Cholesterol | 75-130 mg/dL | 2.0-3.5 mmol/L | |
| Urinalysis | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Color | Yellow | ||
| Turbidity | Clear | ||
| Specific Gravity | 1.015-1.045 | ||
| Bilirubin | Negative | ||
| Glucose | Negative | ||
| Ketones | Negative- Trace | ||
| Blood | Negative | ||
| pH | 7.4-8.4 | ||
| Protein | Negative | ||
| Hemoglobin | Negative | ||
| Urobilinogen | Negative | ||
| Cerebral Spinal Fluid | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Protein | 0-10 mg/dL | 0-100 mg/L | |
| Cell Count | 10-25/uL | 10-25×10^6/L | |
| Glucose | 45-90 mg/dL | 2.5-5.0 mmol/L | |
| Pressure | |||
| Color | Colorless | ||
| Turbidity | Clear | ||
| Physical Values | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Temperature | 101.0F-103.0F | 38.5C-39.5C | |
| Heart Rate | 70-135 beats/min | ||
| Respiratory Rate | 12-22 breaths/min | ||
| Rumen pH | 5.8-7.0 | ||
| Hematology | Traditional Unit | Total Number (cells per uL) | SI Units |
| Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) | |||
| – Hot-Blooded or Light Breeds | 7-12 x 10^6/uL | 7,000,000-12,000,000 | 7-12x 1012/L |
| – Cold-Blooded or Draft Breeds | 5.4-9.6 x 10^6/uL | 5,400,000-9,600,000 | 5.4-9.6 x 10^12/L |
| White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) | |||
| – Hot-Blooded or Light Breeds | 7-14 x 10^3/uL | 7000-14,000 | 7-14 x 10^9/L |
| – Cold-Blooded or Draft Breeds | 6-13 x 10^3/uL | 60000-13,000 | 6-13 x 10^9/L |
| Band Neutrophils | |||
| – Hot-Blooded or Light Breeds | 0%-2% | 0-290 | 0-0.02 |
| – Cold-Blooded or Draft Breeds | 0%-2% | 0-250 | 0-0.02 |
| Segmented Neutrophils | |||
| – Hot-Blooded or Light Breeds | 30%-65% | 2100-9100 | 0.30-0.65 |
| – Cold-Blooded or Draft Breeds | 35%-75% | 2100-9000 | 0.35-0.75 |
| Lymphocytes | |||
| – Hot-Blooded or Light Breeds | 25%-60% | 1750-8400 | 0.25-0.60 |
| – Cold-Blooded or Draft Breeds | 15%-50% | 900-6100 | 0.15-50 |
| Monocytes | |||
| – Hot-Blooded or Light Breeds | 0%-6% | 0-900 | 0-0.06 |
| – Cold-Blooded or Draft Breeds | 2%-10% | 120-1200 | 0.02-0.10 |
| Eosinophils | |||
| – Hot-Blooded or Light Breeds | 0%-9% | 0-1250 | 0-0.09 |
| – Cold-Blooded or Draft Breeds | 0%-3% | 0-380 | 0-0.03 |
| Basophils | |||
| – Hot-Blooded or Light Breeds | 0%-2% | 0-260 | 0-0.02 |
| – Cold-Blooded or Draft Breeds | 0%-3% | 0-380 | 0-0.03 |
| Thrombocytes (Platelets) | 1.0-3.6 x 10^5/uL | 100,000-360,000 | 100-360 x 10^9/L |
| Hemoglobin | |||
| – Hot-Blooded or Light Breeds | 11-20 g/dL | 110-200 g/L | |
| – Cold-Blooded or Draft Breeds | 7-15 g/dL | 70-150 g/L | |
| Hematocrit (Packed Cell Volume) | |||
| – Hot-Blooded or Light Breeds | 31%-50% | 0.31-0.50 | |
| – Cold-Blooded or Draft Breeds | 24%-44% | 0.24-0.44 | |
| Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) | |||
| – Hot-Blooded or Light Breeds | 40-53 um^3 | 40-53 fL | |
| – Cold-Blooded or Draft Breeds | 38-51 um^3 | 38-51 fL | |
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) | |||
| – Hot-Blooded or Light Breeds | 16-20 pg | 0.93-1.18 fmol | |
| – Cold-Blooded or Draft Breeds | 13-14 pg | 0.81-0.87 fmol | |
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) | |||
| – Hot-Blooded or Light Breeds | 31-35 g/dL | 310-350 g/L | |
| – Cold-Blooded or Draft Breeds | 31-35 g/dL | 310-350 g/L | |
| Prothrombin Time | 9-12 seconds | ||
| Partial Thromboplastin Time | 25-40 seconds | ||
| Fibrinogen | 100-400 mg/dL | 1.0-4.0 g/L | |
| Serum Chemistry | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Calcium (Ca) | 9-13mg/dL | 2.3-3.25 mmol/L | |
| Phosphorus (P) | 3.0-5.7 mg/dL | 0.9-1.9 mmol/L | |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 1.57-3.05 mg/dL | 0.65-1.27 mmol/L | |
| Total Bilirubin | 0.2-2.1 mg/dL | 3.4-34.2 umol/L | |
| Direct (Conjugated) Bilirubin | 0-0.4 mg/dL | 0-6.8 umol/L | |
| Total Protein | 6-8 g/dL | 60-80 g/L | |
| Albumin | 2.5-3.7 g/dL | 25-37 g/L | |
| Globulin | 3-5 g/dL | 30-50 g/L | |
| Creatine Kinase (CK; CPK) | |||
| Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) | 110-180 IU/L | 110-180 U/L | |
| Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST, GOT) | 240-395 IU/L | 240-395 U/L | |
| Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) | 40-100 IU/L | 40-100 U/L | |
| Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) | 11-32 IU/L | 11-32 U/L | |
| Sorbitol Dehydrogenase (SDH, IDH) | 1-13 IU/L | 1-13 U/L | |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | 10-32 mg/dL | 3.6-10.9 mmol/L | |
| Creatinine | 1.0-2.0 mg/dL | 90-180 umol/L | |
| Glucose | 75-130 mg/dL | 4.2-6.9 mmol/L | |
| Sodium (Na) | 130-148 mEq/L | 130-148 mmol/L | |
| Potassium (K) | 2.6-3.5 mEq/L | 2.6-3.5 mmol/L | |
| Chloride (Cl) | 97-107 mEq/L | 97-107 mmol/L | |
| Total CO2 | 23-29 mEq/L | 23-29 mmol/L | |
| Cholesterol | 30-87 mg/dL | 0.7-2.3 mmol/L | |
| Urinalysis | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Color | Yellow | ||
| Turbidity | Cloudy | ||
| Specific Gravity | 1.020-1.040 | ||
| Bilirubin | Negative | ||
| Glucose | Negative | ||
| Ketones | Negative | ||
| Blood | Negative | ||
| pH | 7.3-8.5 | ||
| Protein | Negative | ||
| Hemoglobin | Negative | ||
| Urobilinogen | Negative | ||
| Cerebral Spinal Fluid | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Protein | 10-42 mg/dL | 100-420 mg/L | |
| Cell Count | 0-11/uL | 0-11×10^6/L | |
| Glucose | 47-58 mg/dL | 2.6-3.3 mmol/L | |
| Pressure | 100-500 mmH2O | 0.98-4.90 kPa | |
| Color | Colorless | ||
| Turbidity | Clear | ||
| Peritoneal Fluid | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Protein | 0-2.0 g/dL | 0-20 g/L | |
| Specific Gravity | 1.000-1.030 | ||
| Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes | 36%-79% | 0.36-0.79 | |
| Lymphocytes | 0%-30% | 0-0.30 | |
| Monocytes | 3%-52% | 0.03-0.52 | |
| Eosinophils | 0%-3% | 0-0.03 | |
| Nucleated Cell Count | 50-9000/uL | 50-9000 x 10^6/L | |
| Color | Colorless to yellow | ||
| Turbidity | Clear | ||
| Pleural Fluid | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Protein | 0-2.0 g/dL | 0-20 g/L | |
| Specific Gravity | 1.000-1.030 | ||
| Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes | 36%-79% | 0.36-0.79 | |
| Lymphocytes | 0%-30% | 0-0.30 | |
| Monocytes | 3%-52% | 0.03-0.52 | |
| Eosinophils | 0%-3% | 0-0.03 | |
| Nucleated Cell Count | 50-9000/uL | 50-9000 x 10^6/L | |
| Color | Colorless to yellow | ||
| Turbidity | Clear | ||
| Synovial Fluid | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Leukocytes | 0-500/uL | 0-5.0 x 10^8/L | |
| Neutrophils | 0-10% | 0-0.1 | |
| Mononuclear Cells | 90-100% | 0.9-1.0 | |
| Total Protein | |||
| Color | Colorless to slightly yellow | ||
| Turbidity | Clear | ||
| Physical Values | Traditional Unit | SI Units | |
| Temperature | 99.5-101.5 degrees Fahrenheit | 37.5-38.5 degrees Celsius | |
| Heart Rate | 22-70 beats/min | ||
| Respiratory Rate | 10-14 breaths/min | ||