A 7 year-old female neutered German Shepherd dog presents with slow and progressive loss of pigmentation around the face. The lip margins and the periocular hair become depigmented over the past 6 weeks. The dog is well, has no itching, no inflammation, no ocular problems and is apparently unaffected by the condition. What is the likely diagnosis?

Which of the following is NOT a disorder that causes coagulation problems for animals?

A 10 year-old female neutered Bull Terrier cross is presented with a 12-month history of progressive alopecia. The alopecia has progressed most rapidly in the past 6 months. The left forelimb was amputated for osteosarcoma 1 year ago. The dog became pruritic 6 months ago and has received daily prednisolone since then (at a dose varying between 0.5 and 2 mg kg−1 day) without much of clinical benefit. Two skin biopsies were taken during the past year. The first biopsy showed neutrophilic dermatitis, folliculitis and furunculosis. The second biopsy, taken 8 months later, showed chronic pyogranulomatous dermatitis and follicular rupture. Skin scraping is negative for demodicosis. What is the likely diagnosis?

A dog is excited and panting before a radiography screening. Your team might consider giving the dog a light sedative because the dog’s panting because:

Which of the following methods would be used to monitor the oxygenation of a patient under anesthesia?